Research progress of microparticles in traditional Chinese medicine decoction / 药学学报

Decoction is a classical dosage form of traditional Chinese medicines. In the process of decocting, various complex components produce physical interactions and chemical reactions, among which physical interactions include van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, etc., and chemical reactions include Maillard reaction, oxidation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, degradation reaction, polymerization reaction, etc. New substances and original ingredients from chemical reactions can be further activated. These effects form the basis of particle formation in the broth. The sizes of the particles in decoctions range from nanoscale to micron scale, mostly composed of polysaccharide, protein matrix, wrapped in water insoluble molecules, can increase the dispersion of insoluble components and the stability of unstable components, as well as reduce the volatile components and toxic components of volatile components, and ultimately achieve the purpose of efficient absorption and toxicity reduction. From the angle of physical change and chemical reaction in the process of decoction, this paper expounds the formation mechanism of particles in decoction, expounds the research method of particles, analyzes the components in particles and the interaction between components, and then explains the pharmacodynamic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine decoction, which provides the foundation for the modernization of Chinese decoction.

Progress of immune cell reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 国际儿科学杂志

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective cure for many hematologic and non-hematologic diseases.However, infection morbidity and mortality remain high after allo-HSCT, which is closely related to the recovery of immune cell subsets.The detailed information on the recovery of natural killer(NK), T and B cell subsets can better predict and regulate the occurrence of adverse events.This article will review the current rules, influencing factors and the relationship between the outcome and the immune reconstitution of NK cells, T cells and B cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Clinical effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with hyper-IgM syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To evaluate the clinical effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 17 children with HIGM who received allo-HSCT. The Kaplan Meier method was used for the survival analysis of the children with HIGM after allo-HSCT.@*RESULTS@#After allo-HSCT, 16 children were diagnosed with sepsis; 14 tested positive for virus within 100 days after allo-HSCT, among whom 11 were positive for Epstein-Barr virus, 7 were positive for cytomegalovirus, and 2 were positive for JC virus; 9 children were found to have invasive fungal disease. There were 6 children with acute graft-versus-host disease and 3 children with chronic graft-versus-host disease. The median follow-up time was about 2 years, and 3 children died in the early stage after allo-HSCT. The children had an overall survival (OS) rate of 82.35%, an event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70.59%, and a disease-free survival (DFS) rate of 76.47%. The univariate analysis showed that the children receiving HLA-matched allo-HSCT had a significantly higher EFS rate than those receiving HLA-mismatched allo-HSCT (P=0.019) and that the children receiving HLA-matched unrelated allo-HSCT had significantly higher OS, EFS, and DFS rates than those receiving HLA-mismatched unrelated allo-HSCT (P<0.05). Compared with the children with fungal infection after allo-HSCT, the children without fungal infection had significantly higher EFS rate (P=0.02) and DFS rate (P=0.04).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Allo-HSCT is an effective treatment method for children with HIGM. HLA-matched allo-HSCT and active prevention and treatment of fungal infection and opportunistic infection may help to improve the prognosis of such children.

Clinical features and prognosis of children with acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage under different diagnostic criteria / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features and prognosis of children with acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL) under different diagnostic criteria.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 39 children with ALAL who were diagnosed and treated from December 2015 to December 2019. Among the 39 children, 34 received treatment. According to the diagnostic criteria for ALAL by World Health Organization and European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias, the 39 children were divided into two groups: ALAL group (@*RESULTS@#The 34 children receiving treatment had a 3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 75%±9% and an overall survival rate of 88%±6%. The children treated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) protocol had a 3-year EFS rate of 33%±27%, those treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) protocol had a 3-year EFS rate of 78%±10%, and those who had no remission after induction with AML protocol and then received ALL protocol had a 3-year EFS rate of 100%±0% (@*CONCLUSIONS@#ALL protocol has a better clinical effect than AML protocol in children with ALAL, and positive MRD after induction therapy suggests poor prognosis. Hyperleukocytosis and adverse genetic changes are not observed in children with myeloid expression, and such children tend to have a good prognosis, suggesting that we should be cautious to take it as ALAL in diagnosis and treatment.

Prognostic significance of measurable residual disease based on multiparameter flow cytometry in childhood acute myeloid leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the prognostic value of measurable residual disease (MRD) for childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by analyzing MRD-guided risk stratification therapy.@*METHODS@#A total of 93 children with AML were prospectively enrolled in this study. Chemotherapy with the 2015-AML-03 regimen was completed according to the risk stratification determined by genetic abnormality at initial diagnosis and MRD and bone marrow cytology after induction therapy I. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to dynamically monitor MRD and analyze the prognostic effect of MRD on 3-year cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate, and overall survival (OS) rate.@*RESULTS@#The 93 children with AML had a 3-year CIR rate of 48%±6%, a median time to recurrence of 11 months (range 2-32 months), a 3-year OS rate of 65%±6%, and a 3-year EFS rate of 50%±5%. After induction therapy I and intensive therapy I, the MRD-positive children had a significantly higher 3-year CIR rate and significantly lower 3-year EFS and OS rates than the MRD-negative children (@*CONCLUSIONS@#MRD has predictive value for the prognosis of children with AML. Based on the MRD-guided risk stratification therapy, reasonable application of chemotherapy may improve the overall prognosis of children with AML.

Establishment of A Mouse Model of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, so as to lay the foundation for future research on RSV infection and related complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.@*METHODS@#Bone marrow cells and spleen cells were transplanted to C57BL/6 mice after myeloablative treatment to establish a mouse model of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The chimerism rate was detected by flow cytometry 3 and 7 weeks after transplantation. The transplanted mice were infected with RSV by nasal drops. The lung tissues were collected 5 days after infection for identification of infection, and lung tissues were analyzed for pathology 2 weeks and 2 months after infection.@*RESULTS@#The chimerism rate was > 90% at 3 and 7 weeks after transplantation. Successful infection was detected 5 days after RSV infection, and there were severe and persistent pathological changes in the lung tissues of the mice 2 weeks and 2 months after infection.@*CONCLUSION@#RSV infection in stable chimeric mice after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can cause significantly persistent lung disease, which lays foundation for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection and the mechanism of later bronchiolitis obliterans after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Clinical analysis of hereditary thrombocytopenia in 5 children and literature review / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To understand the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of children with hereditary thrombocytopenia (HT).Methods:The clinical data of 5 patients with HT in the Hematology and Oncology Department of Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2015 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of HT were discussed by reviewing relevant literatures.Results:Five patients included 3 boys and 2 girls.The median age at onset of 4 years and 2 months old and the median age at diagnose was 4 years and 4 months old.All patients presented with the thrombocytopenia, among which 4 cases were macrothrombocytopenia and 1 case was normothrombocytopenia.The main clinical presentations of 5 patients were skin petechiae and ecchymoses.Four cases were initially misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and received the glucocorticoid and immunoglobulin, while the therapeutic effect was not satisfactory.The gene sequencing confirmed MYH9 gene mutation(c.3493C>T), MYH9 gene mutation(c.5878G>A), NBEAL2 gene compound heterozygous mutation(c.295C>T; c.4169C>T), GP1BA gene mutation(c.1761A>C), and ANKRD26 gene mutation(c.5123A>G), in 5 patients respectively. Conclusions:HT should be suspected among those with recurrent isolated thrombocytopenia and no response to the ITP regimen, and the early gene screening is of great significance to the patients′ treatment and prognosis.

Several Common Respiratory Viral Pathogens in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantion Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence of respiratory viral infections in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.@*METHODS@#108 specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate were collected from 22 PID patients before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from July 2016 to July 2018 in the Department of Hematology. The TR-PCR was used to detect for respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)，human metapneumoviros(hMPV)，coronavirus(CoV) and parainfluenza 1-3 (PIV1-3). And the clinical characteristics and co-infection were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the total 108 specimens, viral pathogens were identified in 41 (37.96%) specimens. Among which the pathogens of highest detection rate was RSV (25.9%). Different types of PID showed different virus infection rates, among which the highest infection rate was severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) patients, with the virus detection rate was 57.9%. The incidence of co-infection with two or more than two viruses was 19.5%.@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with PID who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are more susceptible to respiratory viruses. RSV is an important respiratory tract virus pathogen after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Mechanism of Hematopoietic Reconstruction in Mice Treated with Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Muscle-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism of hematopoietic reconstruction in mice treated with Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) combined with the muscle-derived stem cell transplantation (MDSCT).@*METHODS@#Female Kunming mice were randomly divided into the 6 groups: irradiation model, the bone marrow transplantation, the MDSC transplantation, the DBD 1 (4.5 g/kg), 2 (13.5 g/kg), and 3 (22.5 g/kg) + MDSC transplantation. After a week of oral administration of normal saline or different doses of DBD, The mice were exposied to 8 Gy Cs γ ray and were followed by bone marrow or MDSC transplantation. The expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 in bone marrow, thymus and spleen were measured at 3 and 8 weeks after irradiation and transplantation.@*RESULTS@#In the bone marrow, 3 weeks after above-mentioned treatment, the expression of Notch1 mRNA increased obviously and the expression of Jagged1, Hes1 mRNA decreased obviously in each intervention group, compared with the irradiation model group. 8th week after treatment, the expression of Notch1 mRNA decreased obviously in each intervention group, the Jagged1 mRNA expression decreased obviously except the bone marrow group, and Hes1 mRNA expression increased (P＜0.05) in each intervention group. 3 weeks after treatment, compared with the irradiation model group, the expression of Notch1 mRNA in the thymocytes increased only in DBD1+MDSC group, Jagged1, Hes1 mRNA was increased in the MDSC transplantation group and the DBD1、2+MDSC group. 8th week after treatment, the expression of Notch1, Jagged1 mRNA expression decreased in each intervention group, the expression of Hes1 mRNA increased obviously in the MDSC transplantation group and the DBD1、2+MDSC group (P＜0.05). In the spleen, 3 weeks after treatment, the expression of Notch1, Jagged1 mRNA in the spleen of each intervention group decreased obviously, compared with the irradiation model group. The expression of Jagged1, Hes1 mRNA in each intervention group were increased obviously 8th week after treatment (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#MDSC transplantation after pretreatment of DBD can improve the hematopoietic reconstitution in mice with lethal dose radiation damage. Notch1、Jagged1 and Hes1 play different roles in this process, but the concrete mechanism needs to be further studied.

Association between genetic variants and characteristic symptoms of type 2 diabetes: A matched case-control study / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association of genetic variants with characteristic symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A matched case-control study was performed to investigate the association between common variants in four genes (CDKAL1, GLIS3, GRK5, and TCF7L2) and symptoms of T2DM. Symptoms were examined with questionnaire for 710 subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cell by salting-out procedure. Genotyping was carried out by direct sequencing of the unpurified polymerase chain reaction products.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Most of the T2DM patients pressented characteristic symptoms, such as feeling weak in limbs (P =0.0057), hand tremor (P =0.0208), bradymasesis (P =0.0234), and polyuria (P =0.0051). Some of the T2DM patients shared characteristic symptoms, such as desire for cold drinks (P =0.0304), polyphagia (P =0.0051), and furred tongue (P =0.028). The impaired glucose regulation (IGR) cases took only one characteristic symptom of frequent micturition (P =0.0422). GLIS3 rs7034200 and GRK5 rs10886471 were significantly associated with increased T2DM risk (GLIS3 rs7034200 under dominant model: P=0.0307; GRK5 rs10886471 under recessive model: P=0.0092). However, only the rs10886471 polymorphism in GRK5 showed a significant effect on both differentiated symptoms and T2DM risk. The C-allele was involved in both dampness-heat encumbering Pi (Spleen) syndrome (P =0.047) and qi-yin deficiency syndrome (P =0.002) via increased GRK5 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both T2DM and IGR exhibited its corresponding characteristic symptoms. The variants of GRK5 were involved with both qi-yin deficiency syndrome and dampness-heat encumbering Pi syndrome.</p>

Screening of natural small molecule IDO-1 inhibitors with anti-tumor role / 药学学报

Fragments of the human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) gene 5'-UTR (untranslated 1 245 bp region) promoters were amplified by PCR and cloned into pGL4.20 vector in the construction of reporter vector pGL4-IDO1-luc. A549 cells were transfected with the constructed plasmid and IDO1 inhibitor screening model was established with dual-luciferase reporter assay. Based on the model, we screened natural small molecules which could down-regulate the expression of IDO1 on tumor cells. The anti-tumor activities were examined by MTT, Western blotting and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Toosendanin (NS-180) down regulated the IDO1 expression and inhibited IFN-γ-induced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in A549 cells. Moreover, NS-180 significantly increased the cytotoxicity of co-cultured NK cells on A549 cells in LDH release assays. In summary, NS-180 is a novel and potent IDO1 inhibitor, which has an antitumor activity for cancer immunotherapies.

Progress of Experimental Research on Differentiation of Muscle-Derived Stem Cells into Haematopoietic Lineages in Vitro -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) are a population of multipotent stem cells in the muscular tissue. It provide an excellent prospect of hemopathy treatment due to their superiorities, such as rich sources, convenient material resource and a high survival rate after transplantation and so on. However, there are great differences in sampling, separation, purification, and proliferation when MDSC were cultured in vitro. In addition, the proliferation conditions of the MDSC in vitro are yet unclear. The related regulatory mechanisms, which MDSC transformed into haematopoietic cells, need to be investigated. In this article, the experimental researches on the differentiation of MDSC into haematopoietic lineages are reviewed, the concrete problems discussed in this review are culture of MDSC in vitro, identification of MDSC, proleferation of MDSC, differention of MDSC in to hematopoietic lineages and so on.

Research Progress on Muscle-derived Stem Cells Capable of Hematopoiesis / 中国实验血液学杂志

Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) are defined as myogenic stem cells endowed with their ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of their derivative tissue, and are proved to be over 10 times more efficient in hematopoiesis than hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Although the mechanism which MDSC differentiate into blood cells is still unclear, MDSC were considered to replace HSC to treat the patients suffering from bone marrow diseases such as aplastic anemia and tumor. MDSC are different from HSC in a variety aspects like biological characteristics, protein expression and cell proliferation. On the other hand, MDSC contain multiple distinct stem cell populations. Among these, there is only a small part with the ability to repopulate hematopoietic cells, and it is still uncertain whether their origin is same as HSC. This review summarizes the difference between MDSC and HSC, the ability of MDSC to repopulate hematopoietic cells, and the prospect of MDSCs' transplantation.

Clinical analysis of 144 cases of infant leukaemia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment of infant leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was performed of the cases with the diagnosis of infant acute leukemia from August 1993 to October 2014 in our hospital.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 144 cases of infant leukemia were diagnosed in the defined period, including 83 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 55 myeloid leukemia, 1 hybrid acute leukaemia and 5 with incompatible cytological and immunophenotyping findings. The patients at the age of 9 to 12 months accounted for the largest proportion (38.2%), and 87.5% of the patients had hepatosplenomegaly; Six patients below 6 months old had skin infiltration. In about 1/3 of the patients, the white blood cells count was no greater than 100 × 10⁹ /L. Ninety-five patients had chromosome examinations, which identified chromosome abnormalities in 67 patients, including 18 positive for t(4;11)or t(9;11)or t(11;19), and younger patients were more likely to have chromosome abnormalities. Thirty-seven patients underwent MLL gene detection and 11 of them had positive results; the positive patients had higher rate of chromosome 11 abnormalities than the negative patients. Most of the patients gave up treatments after diagnosis and only 6 patients older than 6 months completed regular chemotherapeutic treatments and were now in complete remission.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Infant leukemia is a rare type of leukemia with different clinical features from other types of leukemia. The patients often present with hepatosplenomegaly, high white blood cell counts, MLL gene fusion, and chromosome 11 abnormalities. The prognosis of infant leukemia is not favorable, and the current treatment still relies on chemotherapy.</p>

Pathogenesis of human metapneumovirus infection and research on attenuated live vaccine / 中国当代儿科杂志

Numerous studies have indicated that human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important viral pathogen in acute respiratory infections in children, presenting similar manifestations with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HMPV infection peaks in the winter-spring season and is more prevalent in younger ages, especially in children less than 1 year old. Host innate immune response has been implicated in recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the virus. This recognition occurs through host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll like receptors (TLRs) are one of the largest class of PRRs which initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses. Some studies have indicated that TLR 3 and TLR 4 may play critical roles in hMPV infection. Construction of recombinant mutant viruses lacking one or two N-linked glycosylation sites in the F protein by using site-directed mutagenesis and reverse genetics may be helpful for developing attenuated live vaccines.

Effect of lansoprazole and rabeprazole on dual-antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary heart disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole and rabeprazole) on dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods One hundred and eighty-one cases of coronary heart disease with DAPT were selected,and they were divided into control group (66 cases,no proton pump inhibitors administered),lansoprazole group (65 cases,lansoprazole administered) and rabeprazole group (50 cases,rabeprazole administered).100 mg/day of aspirin and 75 mg/day of clopidogrel were concomitantly used in all patients.Platelet aggregation rate,platelet aggregation threshold index (PATI) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was measured.Results The ADP-PATI in control group was (3.47 ± 0.96) μ mol/L,lansoprazole group was (3.28 ± 1.05) μ mol/L,rabeprazole group was (3.32 ±0.83) μ mol/L,and there was no statistically significant difference among three groups (P＞0.05).There was also no statistically significant difference in platelet aggregation rate and collagen-PATI among three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In patients with coronary artery disease,the concomitant use of lansoprazole or rabeprazole does not affect antiplatelet action during DAPT.

The effect of stent implantation on the quality of sexual activity in middle and old age male patients with exertional angina pectoris / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of stent implantation on the quality of sexual activity in middle and old age male patients with exertional angina pectoris.Methods One hundred and seventy-two male patients with exertional angina pectoris were enrolled in this study,and they were divided into control group (94 patients) and percutaneous coronary intervention group (78 patients).The patients in control group were given routine pharmacotherapy and the patients in percutaneous coronary intervention group were given drug-eluting stent implantation and routine pharmacotherapy.The sexual activity function was evaluated by international index of erectile function (IIEF)-5 scale before treatment and 3 months after treatment.The times of sexual intercourse was added up.The evaluation of angina pectoris was performed by the grade of Canadian cardiovascular society (CCS).At the same time,the walking distance and heart rate were measured through 6-minute walking test.The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was detected by echocardiogram.Results After treatment for 3 months,the scores of IIEF-5,the degree of sexual satisfaction,the times of sexual intercourse and the grade of CCS in percutaneous coronary intervention group were significantly improved compared with those in control group [(20.58 ± 7.36) scores vs.(16.38 ± 6.35) scores,(4.32 ± 1.38) scores vs.(2.51 ± 1.89) scores,(6.3 ± 3.2) times/month vs.(3.5 ± 1.6) times/month,(1.10 ± 0.43) grades vs.(2.50 ± 1.1 0) grades] (P ＜ 0.05).The walking distance and heart rate after 6-minute walking test and LVEF in percutaneous coronary intervention group were significant improved compared with those in control group [(386 ± 82) m vs.(281 ± 86) m,(95 ± 18) times/minute vs.(122 ± 25) times/minute,(65.2 ± 11.2)％ vs.(55.6 ± 13.8)％] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Stent implantation can significandy improve the quality of sexual activity in middle and old age male patients with exertional angina pectoris.The mechanisms are associated with the exercise capacity increasing and the frequency of angina pectoris attacks decreasing during sexual intercourse.

Observations on pathogenicity between A and B subtype of hMPV in mice / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference of pathogenicity between the two genotypes of human metapneumovirus(hMPV) for the further research.MethodsAt various time after hMPV infection in BALB/c mice,viral titers of lung tissue were measured by real-time RT-PCR,pathology was assessed by a histopathological scoring system,airway responsiveness was assayed by animal lung function monitoring equipment.Pathogenicity was then measured by detailed evaluation through the results above.Results There is no significant difference in weight of mice between control group and experimental group through dynamic monitoring ; though the difference was exists in airway responsiveness and pathological changes of mice between control group and experimental group,the differences were not statistically in airway reaction,pathological changes and virus drops among the three groups of experimental group.ConclusionThere is no difference in pathogenicity between the two subtypes of hMPV in infection of BALB/c mice,viral genotype do not appear to be associated with pathogenicity.

Toll-like receptors expression in the lungs of human metapneumovirus infected mice and the effects of polyI:C on viral infection / 病毒学报

To investigate the expression changes of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in the lungs of human metapneumovirus infected BALB/c mice, and to explore the effects of PolyI:C on viral replication, HMPV-infected group, PolyI:C+hMPV group, PolyI:C+DMED group and DMEM control group were set up for this study. All mice were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 16 post inoculation. Lungs were used for viral titration, pulmonary histopathology and detection of TLRs mRNA expression by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Results showed that the levels of viral replication in the lungs of PolyI:C+hMPV infected mice were significantly decreased and lung inflammation were also lessened compared with those of hMPV infected mice. RT-PCR detection showed that mRNA levels of most TLRs were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the lungs of hMPV infected group compared with DMEM group. Real time PCR assay showed that TLR7-8 mRNA significantly increased in hMPV infected group in a time-dependent manner. The level of TLR3 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in PolyI:C+hMPV group at the 24 hour after intranasal inoculation. The results showed that hMPV infection up-regulated the expression of TLRs in lungs of BALB/c mice and TLR7/8 pathway might play an important role in the start of natural immune response. PolyI:C was capable of inhibiting viral replication in the lung of mice and reducing lung inflammation probably through the early activation of TLR3.

Expression of dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅲ in normal lenses of rat of different ages / 眼科研究

Background It has been determined that dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅲ (DPPⅢ) plays an important role in the metabolism and modification of proteins and DPPⅢ of human has highly homologous to rat.Researches have shown that DPPⅢ is associated with the formation of cataract.However,few relevant studies have been reported.ObjectiveThe present study is to find out the relationship between the expression of DPPⅢ in rat lenses and age-related cataract.Methods Lenses were obtained from general Wistar rats of ages 3,6,9,or 12 weeks old (10 lenses each ) and homogenized with different concentrations of standard bovine serum.The proteins were resolved using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis.Peak concentration and total concentration of DPPⅢ protein in lenses from rats of different ages were detected by Western blot.Enzyme activity of DPPⅢ was determined by monitoring the amount of dipeptides removed from a special substrate (Arg-Arg-4mb NA) by measuring the absorbance with UV-2500PC at 525 nm.The relationship between the enzyme activity of DPPⅢ in lenses and age of rats was evaluated using regression analysis.Results DPPⅢ was detected at a molecular weight of 82000 Da.The peak concentration and total concentration of DPPⅢ in normal rat lenses increased with the growth of age.The total protease activity of DPPⅢ in the lenses of rats was correlated with the ages of the rats (r=0.99,P＜0.05).Conclusion DPPⅢ may be involved in the alteration of crystallin during the development of lenses,and it may play an important role in the formation and aggravation of age-related cataract.